Components of Electrical Power Systems
Electrical power systems are networks of electrical components that are used in the supply, transmission, and use of electric power. In the case if sizeable regions, such networks are called the grids. Most electrical power systems rely on a three phase power system. Also there are electrical power systems that do not rely on three phase AC power systems, such as those found in aircrafts, ocean liners automobiles, and electric rail system. An electrical power system has several components, such as supplies, loads, conductors, protective devices, power electronics, and reactors.
Supplies in an electrical power system, refers to the source of electric power. This power can either be DC or AC. AC power can be supplied by a turbo generator which is spun using a variety of techniques, while DC power can be supplied by batteries or photovoltaic cells. Loads, on the other hand, refer to gadgets or equipment to which power is delivered. Loads have voltage, current, and frequency ratings that need to be considered when supplying. Conductors are the cables that carry power from supply to the load, and they can be classified by the voltage they carry; they can be high voltage or low voltage conductors. Costs, losses and tensile strength are some of the factors that have to be considered while choosing a conductor.
Capacitors are used to provide reactive power. Reactors, on the other hand, are useful in the regulation of voltage on long transmission lines because they consume reactive power. Power electronics are primarily used to rectify current or convert AC to DC. Protective devices protect the loads from power surges; they include fuses, and circuit breakers. SCADA systems are useful in switching on generators, and controlling their output. These systems are also useful in switching on or off the equipment for repairs.
Electrical power system are classified into two, residential power systems, and commercial power systems. In the past, residential power systems were fed using two cables: a live cable, and a neutral cable. The live cable would be passed through the main isolating switch in the fuse box before being split to feed other circuits. Depending on the size of the wire used, circuits would be fused appropriately. Nowadays, though, all residential systems are connected to a three phase distribution system, and miniature Circuit Breakers installed in the fuse boxes.
Commercial power systems are larger in scale. Commercial power systems are usually scrutinized for short circuit, voltage drop, steady state, and load flow. This is with the goal of assuring the coordination of protective devices, proper equipment, and conductor sizing. Installations of large commercial power systems have orderly systems of sub-panels separating the main distribution board, in order to allow for better system protection.
Electrical power system is a large system consisting of many components which have to work synergistically; the safety of one component is pegged on the efficiency, and functionality of another .Without this system, industries would be nowhere. Maintenance of this system is therefore crucial for the safety of the equipment, and the operators.
